Editorial features
Research-led essays published natively on this website. Selected features may subsequently be adapted for LinkedIn and Substack.
- Why Africa’s Enterprises Must Outlive Their Founders
Founding thesis · Governance and succession - Kakira: The Company That Had to Be Rebuilt
Case study · Madhvani and development finance - Three Models of Institutional Continuity
Comparative feature · Cooperative, bank and airline
From a question about Uganda's oldest businesses to a research programme
“Entrepreneurs start the businesses but never build the governance and institutions to ensure their longevity beyond the founder's vision.”
— Kenneth Legesi, responding to the original X post by @ekiggundu.
The response was accompanied by a handwritten Uganda Business Longevity & Institution-Building Map, bringing together enterprise-age data, examples of longstanding Ugandan businesses, the succession challenge, and the institutional reforms needed to build enduring enterprises.

Read the original conversation on X ↗
Editorial note: the map's establishment counts, founding dates and implied survival rates are research leads, not independently validated longitudinal survival estimates. The original handwritten image is awaiting upload to the public website asset library.
Explore the register
| Enterprise | Country | Origin year | Origin basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First National Bank | South Africa | 1838 | predecessor lineage | partially verified |
| Old Mutual | South Africa | 1845 | company origin | partially verified |
| Standard Bank | South Africa | 1862 | company origin | partially verified |
| Nedbank | South Africa | 1888 | predecessor lineage | partially verified |
| Madhvani Group | Uganda | 1914 | family enterprise lineage | partially verified |
| Naspers | South Africa | 1915 | company origin | partially verified |
| Sanlam | South Africa | 1918 | company origin | partially verified |
| Banque Misr | Egypt | 1920 | company origin | partially verified |
| Mehta Group | Uganda | 1924 | family enterprise lineage | partially verified |
| EgyptAir | Egypt | 1932 | company origin | partially verified |
| Ethiopian Airlines | Ethiopia | 1945 | company origin | partially verified |
| Nigerian Breweries | Nigeria | 1946 | company origin | partially verified |
| Masaka Cooperative Union | Uganda | 1951 | cooperative origin | partially verified |
| Bugisu Cooperative Union | Uganda | 1954 | cooperative origin | partially verified |
| Banyankole Kweterana Cooperative Union | Uganda | 1956 | cooperative origin | unverified |
| Nyakatonzi Growers Cooperative Union | Uganda | 1957 | cooperative origin | partially verified |
| Uganda Batteries | Uganda | 1961 | predecessor lineage | disputed |
| Nice House of Plastics | Uganda | 1970 | company origin | partially verified |
| Sembule Steel Mills | Uganda | 1971 | company origin | unverified |
| Bukoola Chemical Industries | Uganda | 1973 | company origin | unverified |
| Spear Motors | Uganda | 1973 | company origin | partially verified |
| Ntake Bakery | Uganda | 1977 | company origin | unverified |
What we investigate
Company origins, legal and operating continuity, ownership transitions, leadership succession, governance and long-term capital formation. This is not a ranking of the oldest legally continuous African companies.
Explore methodology, research data and editorial features.